Put A Smile Back on Somebody's Face
Why Use TwentyOne
Effective fly control is an essential must for any smallholder or mass production pig, poultry or cattle farms.
Other than being a huge irritation to animals and people, flies also carry serious health threatening diseases such as Salmonella and E Coli. This can cause massive stress and harassment towards animals resulting in serious economic loss.
Poultry farms are being stringently tested for Salmonella of which the House fly and lesser house fly are well known vectors. It is critically important that a good fly control program be enforced to control them effectively. Twenty One is a very important weapon for the farmer in fly control.
Under the Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Act 2005, local authorities have the power to visit business premises to explore complaints of flies and review whether the problem is damaging to the local environment and communities. Where premises fail to comply local authorities can issue an abatement notice.
Fly problems can now be encountered throughout the year because of controlled environment housing. Constant high temperatures and the readily available food source from the protein in fresh poultry manure provides ideal fly breeding conditions. At a constant air temperature of 25°C the speed of development from egg to adult of the common housefly, MUSCA DOMESTICA, can be as quick as 11 days. At 16°C development takes as long as 32 days.
The Fly Breeding Cycle
To effectively control flies, the life cycle must be broken.
The perfect breeding conditions for flies, environment and temperature, are found on most farms. Massive numbers can be born in minutes and the life cycle of a House Fly (Musca domestica) can be completed within 8 days.
Adult flies lay their eggs in moist, warm areas such as manure or slurry pits. About 12 hours later the eggs hatch into maggots or larvae. After 5-10 days and at a temperature of 20-30°C the larvae turns into pupae. This stage only lasts about 3-4 days and eventually adult flies emerge to start the cycle over again. In typical UK conditions 15 generations of flies can be produced in one year.
| Name | Food | Where do they live? Activity? | Disease |
|---|---|---|---|
House Fly (musca domesticus) |
In any high protein material from animal waste to refuse and food material especially if fermenting or rotting, moist material is favoured |
Where there are poor hygiene practices, 5gms of high protein residue can support 100 larvae. Often found in pig houses attracted to faecal matter. April to November |
|
BreedingUp to 150 eggs each 1mm long laid in batches at a time in the selected foodstuffs and larvae starts peutrification that is spread by the adults with bacteria on their bodies. Up to 5 batches are laid in their lifetime, larvae (maggots) hatch in 8 to 48 hours and are 1mm long depending on temperature. The larvae have three moults and reach 12mm in length. The larva then travels some distance to pupate and will crawl up smooth surfaces if moist. It prefers to pupate in the soil and buries itself 7-60cm depending on the medium. The larval skin is cast turning into a puparium, this is 5-6mm long, the adult fly hatches 3 to 4 weeks later. The fly lives for 25-52 days and is found from April to November normally. |
|||
| Name | Food | Where do they live? Activity? | Disease |
Lesser House Fly (Fannia canicilarius) |
All organic matter especially if fermenting. The preference is for decomposing organic matter such as cow or poultry dung, vegetable, or fungal matter; they are able to float in a semi-liquid medium |
These flies mainly breed in poultry manure and pits. May to October |
|
BreedingApprox. 50 eggs are laid in batches when female is 10 days old, they are 1 mm in length they hatch in 24 to 48 hours, larval development 8 days and 3 skin moults, larvae 6mm when full grown, egg to adult normally 3 weeks. The pupae stage lasts from 1-4 weeks |
|||
